ENGLISH:
The following excerpt, from The Orthodox Veneration of the Mother of God by our modern day Saint John Maximovitch, Archbishop of Shanghai and San Francisco, is an Orthodox Christian response to the Papist belief of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. The Immaculate Conception, the belief that the Mother of God was conceived and born without sin, was declared a dogma of the Papist Church by Pope Pius IX on December 8, 1854. The feast of the Immaculate Conception is a holy day of obligation for Roman Catholics.
Orthodox Christians, on the other hand, do not subscribe to the Immaculate Conception. Therefore, we do not have a feast day for it either. We do however have an important feast, on which we celebrate the Conception of the Theotokos by St. Anna. There is a difference, a profound one, for Orthodox Christians.
We Orthodox believe that the Panagia was conceived and born in a state of sin since she is a human being just like the rest of us. Only Christ was free of sin. We do venerate the Panagia highly though. She is the holiest of all the Saints and is like a member of our families. We do believe that the Panagia committed no actual personal sins. We believe that both through God’s grace and her free cooperation with God’s grace – both go together- she committed no sin. We believe she overcame every temptation to sin and thus remained ever pure, even in her mind and soul. There is a synergy, a cooperation, going on between God and the Panagia. She exercises her free will to respond to God.
The teaching of the complete sinlessness of the Mother of God does not correspond to Sacred Scripture, where there is repeatedly mentioned the sinlessness of the “One Mediator between God and man, the man Jesus Christ” (1 Tim. 2:5); “and in Him is no sin” (1 John 3:5); “Who did no sin, neither was guile found in His mouth.” (1 Peter 2:22); “One that hath been in all points tempted as we are, yet without sin” (Heb. 4:15); “Him who knew no sin, He made to be sin on our behalf” (II Cor. 5:21). But concerning the rest of men it is said, Who is pure of defilement? No one who has lived a single day of his life on earth (Job 14:4). God commendeth His own love toward us in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us…If, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, being reconciled, shall we be saved by His life” (Rom. 5:8-10).
This teaching contradicts also Sacred Tradition, which is contained in numerous Patristic writings, where there is mentioned the exalted sanctity of the Virgin from her very birth, as well as her cleansing by the Holy Spirit at her conception of Christ, but not at her own conception by Anna. “There is none without stain before Thee, even though his life be but a day, save Thou alone, Jesus Christ our God, Who didst appear on earth without sin, and through Whom we all trust to obtain mercy and remission of sins.” (St. Basil the Great, Third Prayer of Vespers of Pentecost.) “But when Christ came through a pure, virginal, unwedded, God-fearing, undefiled Mother without wedlock and without father, and inasmuch as it befitted Him to be born, He purified the female nature, rejected the bitter Eve and overthrew the laws of the flesh” (St. Gregory the Theologian, “In Praise of Virginity”). However, even then, as Sts. Basil the Great and John Chrysostom speak of this, She was not placed in the state of being unable to sin, but continued to take care of Her salvation and overcame all temptations (St. John Chrysostom, Commentary on John, Homily 85; St. Basil the Great, Epistle 160).
The teaching that the Mother of God was purified before her birth, so that from her might be born the Pure Christ, is meaningless; because if the Pure Christ could be born only if the Virgin might be born pure, it would be necessary that her parents also should be pure of original sin, and they again would have to be born of purified parents, and going further in this way, one would have to come to the conclusion that Christ could not have become incarnate unless all His ancestors in the flesh, right up to Adam inclusive, had been purified beforehand of original sin. But then there would not have been any need for the very Incarnation of Christ, since Christ came down to earth in order to annihilate sin.
The teaching that the Mother of God was preserved from original sin, as likewise the teaching that she was preserved by God’s grace from person sins, makes God unmerciful and unjust; because if God could preserve Mary from sin and purify her before her birth, why does He not purify other men before their birth, but rather leaves them in sin? It follows likewise that God saves men apart from their will, predetermining certain ones before their birth to salvation.
This teaching, which seemingly has the aim of exalting the Mother of God, in reality completely denies all her virtues. After all, if Mary, even in the womb of her mother, when She could not even desire anything either good or evil, was preserved by God’s grace from every impurity, and then by that grace was preserved from sin even after Her birth, then in what does Her merit consist? If She could have been placed in the state of being unable to sin, and did not sin, then for what did God glorify Her? If she, without any effort, and without having any kind of impulses to sin, remained pure, then why is she crowned more than everyone else? There is no victory without an adversary.
The righteousness and sanctity of the Virgin Mary were manifested in the fact that she, being “human with passions like us,” so loved God and gave herself over to Him, that by her purity she was exalted high above the rest of the human race. For this, having been foreknown and forechosen, She was vouchsafed to be purified by the Holy Spirit Who came upon her, and to conceive of Him the very Saviour of the world. The teaching of the grace-given sinlessness of the Virgin Mary denies her victory over temptations; from a victor who is worthy to be crowned with crowns of glory, this makes her a blind instrument of God’s Providence.
It is not an exaltation and greater glory, but a belittlement of her, this “gift” which was given her by Pope Pius IX and all the rest who think they can glorify the Mother of God by seeking out new truths. The Most Holy Mary has been so much glorified by God Himself, so exalted is her life on earth and Her glory in heaven, that human inventions cannot add anything to her honor and glory. That which people themselves invent only obscures her face from their eyes. Brethren, take heed lest there shall be any one that maketh spoil of you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ, wrote the Apostle Paul by the Holy Spirit (Col. 2:18).
Such a vain deceit is the teaching of the Immaculate Conception by Anna of the Virgin Mary, which at first sight exalts, but in actual fact belittles her. Like every lie, it is a seed of the Father of Lies (John 8:44), the devil, who has succeeded by it in deceiving many who do not understand that they blaspheme the Theotokos. Together with it there should also be rejected all the other teaching which have come from it or are akin to it. The striving to exalt the Most Holy Virgin to an equality with Christ ascribing to her maternal tortures at the Cross an equal significance with the sufferings of Christ, so that the Redeemer and “Co-Redemptrix” suffered equally, according to the teaching of the Papists, or that “the human nature of the Mother of God in heaven together with the God-Man Jesus jointly reveal the full image of man” (Archpriest S. Bulgakov, The Unburnt Bush, p. 141) – is likewise a vain deceit and a seduction of philosophy. In Christ Jesus there is neither male nor female (Gal. 3:39), and Christ has redeemed the whole human race; therefore at His Resurrection equally did “Adam dance for joy and Eve rejoice” (Sunday Kontakia of the First and Third Tones), and by His Ascension did the Lord raise up the whole of human nature.
Likewise, that the Mother of God is a “complement of the Holy Trinity” or a “fourth Hypostasis”; that “the Son and the Mother are a revelation of the Father through the second and Third Hypostases”; that the Virgin Mary is a “creature, but also no longer a creature” – all this is the fruit of vain, false wisdom which is not satisfied with what the Church has held from the time of the Apostles, but strives to glorify the Holy Virgin more than God glorified her.
Thus are the words of St. Epiphanius of Cyprus fulfilled: “Certain senseless ones in their opinion about the Holy Ever-Virgin have striven and are striving to put her in place of God” (St. Epiphanius, “Against the Antidikomarionites”). But that which is offered to the Virgin in senselessness, instead of praise of her turns out to be blasphemy; and the All-Immaculate One rejected the lie, being the Mother of Truth (John 14:6).
St. John (Maximovich) of Shanghai and San Francisco
The following excerpt, from The Orthodox Veneration of the Mother of God by our modern day Saint John Maximovitch, Archbishop of Shanghai and San Francisco, is an Orthodox Christian response to the Papist belief of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. The Immaculate Conception, the belief that the Mother of God was conceived and born without sin, was declared a dogma of the Papist Church by Pope Pius IX on December 8, 1854. The feast of the Immaculate Conception is a holy day of obligation for Roman Catholics.
Orthodox Christians, on the other hand, do not subscribe to the Immaculate Conception. Therefore, we do not have a feast day for it either. We do however have an important feast, on which we celebrate the Conception of the Theotokos by St. Anna. There is a difference, a profound one, for Orthodox Christians.
We Orthodox believe that the Panagia was conceived and born in a state of sin since she is a human being just like the rest of us. Only Christ was free of sin. We do venerate the Panagia highly though. She is the holiest of all the Saints and is like a member of our families. We do believe that the Panagia committed no actual personal sins. We believe that both through God’s grace and her free cooperation with God’s grace – both go together- she committed no sin. We believe she overcame every temptation to sin and thus remained ever pure, even in her mind and soul. There is a synergy, a cooperation, going on between God and the Panagia. She exercises her free will to respond to God.
The teaching of the complete sinlessness of the Mother of God does not correspond to Sacred Scripture, where there is repeatedly mentioned the sinlessness of the “One Mediator between God and man, the man Jesus Christ” (1 Tim. 2:5); “and in Him is no sin” (1 John 3:5); “Who did no sin, neither was guile found in His mouth.” (1 Peter 2:22); “One that hath been in all points tempted as we are, yet without sin” (Heb. 4:15); “Him who knew no sin, He made to be sin on our behalf” (II Cor. 5:21). But concerning the rest of men it is said, Who is pure of defilement? No one who has lived a single day of his life on earth (Job 14:4). God commendeth His own love toward us in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us…If, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, being reconciled, shall we be saved by His life” (Rom. 5:8-10).
This teaching contradicts also Sacred Tradition, which is contained in numerous Patristic writings, where there is mentioned the exalted sanctity of the Virgin from her very birth, as well as her cleansing by the Holy Spirit at her conception of Christ, but not at her own conception by Anna. “There is none without stain before Thee, even though his life be but a day, save Thou alone, Jesus Christ our God, Who didst appear on earth without sin, and through Whom we all trust to obtain mercy and remission of sins.” (St. Basil the Great, Third Prayer of Vespers of Pentecost.) “But when Christ came through a pure, virginal, unwedded, God-fearing, undefiled Mother without wedlock and without father, and inasmuch as it befitted Him to be born, He purified the female nature, rejected the bitter Eve and overthrew the laws of the flesh” (St. Gregory the Theologian, “In Praise of Virginity”). However, even then, as Sts. Basil the Great and John Chrysostom speak of this, She was not placed in the state of being unable to sin, but continued to take care of Her salvation and overcame all temptations (St. John Chrysostom, Commentary on John, Homily 85; St. Basil the Great, Epistle 160).
The teaching that the Mother of God was purified before her birth, so that from her might be born the Pure Christ, is meaningless; because if the Pure Christ could be born only if the Virgin might be born pure, it would be necessary that her parents also should be pure of original sin, and they again would have to be born of purified parents, and going further in this way, one would have to come to the conclusion that Christ could not have become incarnate unless all His ancestors in the flesh, right up to Adam inclusive, had been purified beforehand of original sin. But then there would not have been any need for the very Incarnation of Christ, since Christ came down to earth in order to annihilate sin.
The teaching that the Mother of God was preserved from original sin, as likewise the teaching that she was preserved by God’s grace from person sins, makes God unmerciful and unjust; because if God could preserve Mary from sin and purify her before her birth, why does He not purify other men before their birth, but rather leaves them in sin? It follows likewise that God saves men apart from their will, predetermining certain ones before their birth to salvation.
This teaching, which seemingly has the aim of exalting the Mother of God, in reality completely denies all her virtues. After all, if Mary, even in the womb of her mother, when She could not even desire anything either good or evil, was preserved by God’s grace from every impurity, and then by that grace was preserved from sin even after Her birth, then in what does Her merit consist? If She could have been placed in the state of being unable to sin, and did not sin, then for what did God glorify Her? If she, without any effort, and without having any kind of impulses to sin, remained pure, then why is she crowned more than everyone else? There is no victory without an adversary.
The righteousness and sanctity of the Virgin Mary were manifested in the fact that she, being “human with passions like us,” so loved God and gave herself over to Him, that by her purity she was exalted high above the rest of the human race. For this, having been foreknown and forechosen, She was vouchsafed to be purified by the Holy Spirit Who came upon her, and to conceive of Him the very Saviour of the world. The teaching of the grace-given sinlessness of the Virgin Mary denies her victory over temptations; from a victor who is worthy to be crowned with crowns of glory, this makes her a blind instrument of God’s Providence.
It is not an exaltation and greater glory, but a belittlement of her, this “gift” which was given her by Pope Pius IX and all the rest who think they can glorify the Mother of God by seeking out new truths. The Most Holy Mary has been so much glorified by God Himself, so exalted is her life on earth and Her glory in heaven, that human inventions cannot add anything to her honor and glory. That which people themselves invent only obscures her face from their eyes. Brethren, take heed lest there shall be any one that maketh spoil of you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ, wrote the Apostle Paul by the Holy Spirit (Col. 2:18).
Such a vain deceit is the teaching of the Immaculate Conception by Anna of the Virgin Mary, which at first sight exalts, but in actual fact belittles her. Like every lie, it is a seed of the Father of Lies (John 8:44), the devil, who has succeeded by it in deceiving many who do not understand that they blaspheme the Theotokos. Together with it there should also be rejected all the other teaching which have come from it or are akin to it. The striving to exalt the Most Holy Virgin to an equality with Christ ascribing to her maternal tortures at the Cross an equal significance with the sufferings of Christ, so that the Redeemer and “Co-Redemptrix” suffered equally, according to the teaching of the Papists, or that “the human nature of the Mother of God in heaven together with the God-Man Jesus jointly reveal the full image of man” (Archpriest S. Bulgakov, The Unburnt Bush, p. 141) – is likewise a vain deceit and a seduction of philosophy. In Christ Jesus there is neither male nor female (Gal. 3:39), and Christ has redeemed the whole human race; therefore at His Resurrection equally did “Adam dance for joy and Eve rejoice” (Sunday Kontakia of the First and Third Tones), and by His Ascension did the Lord raise up the whole of human nature.
Likewise, that the Mother of God is a “complement of the Holy Trinity” or a “fourth Hypostasis”; that “the Son and the Mother are a revelation of the Father through the second and Third Hypostases”; that the Virgin Mary is a “creature, but also no longer a creature” – all this is the fruit of vain, false wisdom which is not satisfied with what the Church has held from the time of the Apostles, but strives to glorify the Holy Virgin more than God glorified her.
Thus are the words of St. Epiphanius of Cyprus fulfilled: “Certain senseless ones in their opinion about the Holy Ever-Virgin have striven and are striving to put her in place of God” (St. Epiphanius, “Against the Antidikomarionites”). But that which is offered to the Virgin in senselessness, instead of praise of her turns out to be blasphemy; and the All-Immaculate One rejected the lie, being the Mother of Truth (John 14:6).
St. John (Maximovich) of Shanghai and San Francisco
----------
ESPAÑOL:
El siguiente extracto, de La veneración ortodoxa de la Madre de Dios por nuestro actual San Juan Maximovitch, arzobispo de Shanghai y San Francisco, es una respuesta cristiana ortodoxa a la creencia papista de la Inmaculada Concepción de la Virgen María. La Inmaculada Concepción, la creencia de que la Madre de Dios fue concebida y nació sin pecado, fue declarada dogma de la iglesia papista por el Papa Pío IX el 8 de diciembre de 1854. La fiesta de la Inmaculada Concepción es un día sagrado de obligación para los católicos romanos. Los cristianos ortodoxos, por otro lado, no se suscriben a la Inmaculada Concepción. Por lo tanto, tampoco tenemos un día festivo. Sin embargo, tenemos una fiesta importante, en la que celebramos la Concepción de la Theotokos por Santa Ana. Hay una diferencia, profunda, para los cristianos ortodoxos.
Los ortodoxos creemos que la Panagia fue concebida y nació en estado de pecado ya que es un ser humano como el resto de nosotros. Solo Cristo estaba libre de pecado. Sin embargo, veneramos mucho la Panagia. Ella es la más santa de todos los santos y es como un miembro de nuestra familia. Creemos que la Panagia no cometió ningún pecado personal real. Creemos que tanto a través de la gracia de Dios como de su cooperación libre con la gracia de Dios, ambas van juntas, ella no cometió ningún pecado. Creemos que ella superó todas las tentaciones de pecar y, por lo tanto, permaneció siempre pura, incluso en su mente y alma. Hay una sinergia, una cooperación, entre Dios y Panagia. Ejerce su libre albedrío para responder a Dios.
Esta enseñanza contradice también la Sagrada Tradición, contenida en numerosos escritos patrísticos, donde se menciona la exaltada santidad de la Virgen desde su mismo nacimiento, así como su purificación por el Espíritu Santo en su concepción de Cristo, pero no en la propia. concepción por Ana. “No hay nadie sin mancha delante de ti, aunque su vida sea un día, salvo tú solo, Jesucristo nuestro Dios, que apareciste en la tierra sin pecado, y en quien todos confiamos para obtener misericordia y remisión de pecados”. (San Basilio el Grande, Tercera Oración de las Vísperas de Pentecostés.) “Pero cuando Cristo vino por una Madre pura, virginal, soltera, temerosa de Dios, inmaculada, sin matrimonio y sin padre, y en la medida en que le convenía nacer, Purificó la naturaleza femenina, rechazó la amarga Eva y anuló las leyes de la carne ”(San Gregorio el Teólogo,“ En Alabanza de la Virginidad ”). Sin embargo, incluso entonces, como los Sabtos Basilio el Grande y Juan Crisóstomo hablan de esto, Ella no fue colocada en el estado de no poder pecar, sino que continuó cuidando de Su salvación y venció todas las tentaciones (San Juan Crisóstomo, Comentario sobre Juan, Homilía 85; Basilio el Grande, Epístola 160).
La enseñanza de que la Madre de Dios fue preservada del pecado original, así como la enseñanza de que fue preservada por la gracia de Dios de los pecados de la persona, hace a Dios despiadado e injusto; porque si Dios pudo preservar a María del pecado y purificarla antes de su nacimiento, ¿por qué no purifica a otros hombres antes de su nacimiento, sino que los deja en pecado? De la misma manera, Dios salva a los hombres aparte de su voluntad, predeterminando a ciertos antes de su nacimiento para la salvación.
La justicia y santidad de la Virgen María se manifestaron en el hecho de que ella, siendo “humana con pasiones como nosotros”, amó tanto a Dios y se entregó a Él, que por su pureza fue exaltada por encima del resto de la raza humana. . Por esto, habiendo sido conocida y elegida de antemano, se le concedió ser purificada por el Espíritu Santo que vino sobre ella, y concebirlo como el mismísimo Salvador del mundo. La enseñanza de la impecabilidad otorgada por la gracia de la Virgen María niega su victoria sobre las tentaciones; de un vencedor digno de ser coronado con coronas de gloria, esto la convierte en un instrumento ciego de la Providencia de Dios.
Tan vano engaño es la enseñanza de la Inmaculada Concepción de Ana de la Virgen María, que a primera vista la exalta, pero en realidad la menosprecia. Como toda mentira, es una semilla del Padre de la Mentira (Juan 8:44), el diablo, que ha logrado engañar a muchos que no entienden que blasfeman contra la Theotokos. Junto con él, también deben rechazarse todas las demás enseñanzas que provienen de él o que son afines. El esfuerzo por exaltar a la Santísima Virgen a la igualdad con Cristo atribuyendo a sus torturas maternas en la Cruz un significado igual al de los sufrimientos de Cristo, para que el Redentor y la “Corredentora” sufrieran por igual, según la enseñanza de los papistas, o que “la naturaleza humana de la Madre de Dios en el cielo junto con el Dios-Hombre Jesús conjuntamente revelan la imagen completa del hombre” (Arcipreste S. Bulgakov, The Unburnt Bush, p. 141) - es igualmente un vano engaño y una seducción de la filosofía. En Cristo Jesús no hay hombre ni mujer (Gá. 3:39), y Cristo ha redimido a toda la raza humana; por lo tanto, en Su Resurrección igualmente “Danzó Adán de gozo y Eva se regocijó” (Kontakia dominical de los tonos primero y tercero), y por Su Ascensión el Señor levantó toda la naturaleza humana.
Así se cumplen las palabras de San Epifanio de Chipre: “Ciertos insensatos en su opinión sobre la Santa Siempre Virgen se han esforzado y se esfuerzan por ponerla en el lugar de Dios” (San Epifanio, “Contra los antidikomarionitas”). Pero lo que se ofrece a la Virgen sin sentido, en lugar de alabanza de ella, resulta ser una blasfemia; y el Todo-Inmaculado rechazó la mentira, siendo la Madre de la Verdad (Juan 14: 6).
San Juan (Maximovich) de Shanghai y San Francisco
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario
Nota: solo los miembros de este blog pueden publicar comentarios.