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martes, 2 de diciembre de 2025

About the Early Church and the Use of Images - Sobre la Iglesia Primitiva y el Uso de las Imágenes




ENGLISH:

IS IT TRUE THAT THE VENERATION OF IMAGES HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH OF GOD, FROM THE BEGINNING?

Since the various denominations that call themselves "Catholic" aren't going to believe me, whom they consider a "heretic," let's see if they believe those they themselves consider "authorities," especially those known as the Church Fathers.

Specifically, in this series of posts, each dedicated to a 'Father,' I will focus on the so-called Ante-Nicene Fathers, or those who taught before Nicaea I in 325 AD. Why? Because these Fathers are the closest chronologically to Jesus and His Apostles. Clement of Rome never mentioned images and their veneration. Neither did the author of the Shepherd of Hermas, a Christian composition from the early second century, nor did Polycarp specifically mention images or their worship. Even Ignatius of Antioch makes no mention of them. This silence leads us to speculate that either everyone carried and venerated images, or no one did. The fact is that images were not controversial at the beginning of the second century. What did these Fathers say about paganism in general?

Clement of Rome did not teach directly about paganism, but his work and the context of his time suggest that he considered it an outdated religion that fell short of the truth of the Christian God. The text of the Shepherd of Hermas instructs believers to forsake sin, practice justice, truth, moderation, and charity, and to beware of evil influences, which implies a clear distinction from pagan practices. Polycarp is more emphatic. He teaches that paganism is a state of ignorance and error that must be avoided, as it lacks an understanding of divine judgment. Finally, we come to Ignatius of Antioch, who was much clearer about paganism. He wrote seven letters while being taken to Rome to be martyred. In them, he left a very clear teaching on paganism and the Christian faith. Ignatius rejected paganism as a false path; he considered it a form of error and spiritual darkness. In his letters, especially to the Ephesians and Magnesians, he states that Christians must distance themselves from idolatrous cults and false gods, because only Christ is the truth.

Idols, he says, “have no life or reason,” while Christ is the living God. “We no longer live according to the ways of the Jews or the Gentiles, but according to the Spirit of grace, for we have come to know Christ Jesus.” (Letter to the Magnesians, 8:1)

Ignatius sees Christ as the end of ancient superstitions. Ignatius teaches that with the coming of Christ, the darkness of paganism was left behind. The Christian faith replaces the sacrifices and superstitions of the Gentiles with the true worship of the one God. 

He further adds: “The prince of this world was powerless against the Lord, because God was with him; therefore the mystery of the new man began to destroy the old ungodliness.” (Letter to the Ephesians, 19:3)

Ignatius exhorts Christians to live differently from pagans, demonstrating the truth of the Gospel through their conduct. He encourages them not to engage in pagan customs or attend idolatrous sacrifices; in general, his call is to bear witness to the pagan world. The Christian life should be a testimony that convinces the pagan world of God's love. In short, Ignatius of Antioch teaches that paganism is a spiritual error overcome by the revelation of Christ. Christians must distance themselves from idols, live according to the Gospel, and bear witness to the world in order to draw pagans to the true faith.

From everything described above, it is obvious that at least two of the aforementioned "Fathers" would be predisposed against venerating any kind of image. And the others remain silent, meaning that the consensus of these "Fathers" is not in favor of venerating any kind of image. The importance of Ignatius should not be underestimated because even Rome considers him a disciple of the Apostles.

Continuing our inquiry into the veneration of images in the early Church, after seeing that the Apostolic Fathers were against the practice of venerating images, we turn to the Fathers of the second century.

1. Justin Martyr: (100-166) The foremost defender of the early church was Justin. Born in Shechem, the ancient city of Samaria where Jesus stopped at Jacob's well to tell the Samaritan woman, "God is spirit," Justin's parents were pagans. He began his career as a philosopher, but through reading the prophets, he was converted and became an apologist for the church. He died a martyr in Rome.
Writing on the "Folly of Idol Worship," Justin gave reasons why Christians did not make images to represent God: images are lifeless; images do not have the form of God; images insult God; images are used by demons. The name of God should not be associated with them. And we also do not honor with many sacrifices and garlands of flowers such deities that men have fashioned and placed in sanctuaries and called gods; for we see that these have no soul and are lifeless and do not have the form of God (because we do not consider that God has a form such as some claim to imitate in His honor), but rather they have the names and forms of those evil demons who have appeared. Justin said: "The craftsmen make" what they call a god, "but what we (Christians) consider not only meaningless, but even an insult to God, who, having ineffable glory and form, receives His name attached to things that are corruptible and require constant service." (Justin Martyr, "Folly of Idol Worship," p. 165).

2. Irenaeus (130?-202?) The Bishop of Lyons is best known for his five books written against the Gnostic heresies, called Against Heresies. Irenaeus grew up in Smyrna and heard the preaching of Polycarp. He died a martyr around 202 AD. In Against Heresies 1.25.5-6, Irenaeus condemns the practices of these Gnostics who claimed to be Christians and their veneration of images, a cult he equates with paganism.
5 And so it is that, if impious, unlawful, and forbidden actions are committed among them, I can no longer find grounds to believe that they are Christians. 6 ... They also possess images, some painted and others made of various materials; while they maintain that Pilate made a likeness of Christ at the time when Jesus lived among them. They crown these images and place them alongside the images of the world's philosophers, that is, with the images of Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, and the rest. They also have other ways of venerating these images, just as the pagans do. Irenaeus continues in other books of his work Against Heresies thus: Against Heresies 2.27.2
They attribute form to what is formless and exchange the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of human image.” (Here Irenaeus is paraphrasing Paul (Rom 1:23), but he uses it theologically against all practices that turn images into objects of worship.) Adversus Haereses 4.31.2 “One should not mold God according to one’s own will, nor imagine anything about Him as if He were a work made by human hands.”
Irenaeus rejects the cultic use of images in general, because in his time they were not objects of liturgical devotion. 
His criticism is directed specifically at: 
The cultic veneration he characterizes as idolatrous use, 
The making of images of Christ for magical, cultic, or heretical purposes.

3. Clement of Alexandria: Clement of Alexandria was born around 150 AD and died around 215 AD. He was an important Christian writer, theologian, and teacher of the early centuries, who replaced his teacher Pantaenus as head of the School of Catechists in Alexandria around 200 AD.

Quotations: 
"It would be ridiculous, as the philosopher says, for man, being only a plaything of God, to make God, and for God to come into being through the play of human art." So wrote Clement of Alexandria, evidently referring to something the philosopher Plato had said. (Herklots, p. 41.) As a Christian, Clement had learned that God cannot "come into existence through... art." (Acts 17:29).

Clement of Alexandria adopted a critical and cautious stance regarding images, firmly opposing their veneration or use in worship, as he considered them inanimate objects and associated their use with pagan and idolatrous practices. Clement, an influential early Christian theologian, maintained that true worship should be spiritual and directed solely to God. His main arguments are found in works such as the Protrepticus and the Stromata, where he emphasizes: Biblical Prohibition: He stressed the Old Testament prohibition against the creation and worship of idols and images, citing passages such as Exodus 20:4-5 and Deuteronomy 5:8-10.
The spiritual nature of God: He argued that, since God is spirit, He cannot be adequately represented by material objects created by human hands. Faith leads to perfect knowledge of the truth, Christian "gnosis," not through physical objects. Distinction between education, veneration, and worship; which he considers idolatry: Clement saw a clear distinction between the use of images for educational purposes (as symbols or examples) and their veneration or worship, condemning the latter as idolatry. For him, a statue is simply "dead matter."
Focus on the “Image” of Christ in the Believer: In his work The Instructor, Clement focuses on Christ as the true “image” of God, and on how Christians should strive to live in Christ’s likeness, rather than focusing on physical representations, which cannot capture the image of God. His stance reflected the widespread aversion of early Christians to any practice that could be mistaken for pagan idolatry, and it differed from the later Christian practice of icon veneration. In fact, the Orthodox Church officially ceased venerating Clement of Alexandria in the 10th century, partly due to the ambiguity or outright rejection of image veneration in his writings.

4. Tertullian (130-160) Tertullian, born in Carthage, North Africa, was a lawyer practicing in Rome. After converting to Christianity, he returned to Carthage and became an elder in the church. Tertullian demonstrated that the church of his time understood that using images for cultic or liturgical purposes and to represent God was idolatry. "Whoever honors an image with a deity falls into idolatry," he said in: (Early Latin Theology, Vol. 5 of the Christian Classics Library.)

What would Tertullian have said if he knew that the church in later centuries would reverse the definition of idolatry and then feel that instead of practicing idolatry, they were serving God by putting God's name on images and displaying them worldwide to illustrate the Gospel story? Tertullian wrote a long discourse "On Idolatry." What Tertullian meant by idolatry was giving the worship that belongs to God alone to an image. Tertullian considered idolatry to be "the head of injustice." He saw it as a sin from which Christians should guard themselves with particular care. He states: "The reason the Holy Spirit, when the apostles were consulting at that time, loosened the bond and the yoke for us was so that we might be free to devote ourselves to avoiding idolatry. This will be our Law... (a Law) peculiar to Christians, by which means we are recognized and examined by the pagans." (Ante-Nicene Fathers, 3, 62.)

Aristides: Aristides was a Christian apologist from the beginning of the 2nd century. He wrote a book to the emperor in defense of Christianity: 
"Let us see, then, which of these men partake of the truth and which partake of error. The Chaldeans, in fact, because they did not know God, went astray after the stars and came to worship creatures in place of Him who created them. And making images of those stars, they came to call upon the images of heaven and earth, of the sun, the moon, and the other stars or luminaries; and to confine them in temples, where they worshipped them, giving them the name of gods, keeping them under guard so that they would not be stolen by thieves, not realizing that those who guarded them were greater than they were in need of being guarded, and that the temple building where they kept them was superior to their images. Thus, since their gods were powerless for their own salvation, how could they offer salvation to others? Soon, the Chaldeans went astray, worshipping dead and useless images." (Chapter 3, Apology)

The question is whether Aristides, as well as the other Church Fathers cited here, was condemning only a certain type of image or icon worship, or whether it was a general condemnation. The nature of the argument makes it clear that the condemnation is a general principle. It appears that he criticizes images because they would need to be guarded, which would make the guards superior to the images. This argument only makes sense in light of a general condemnation. Images in a Christian context would also need to be guarded and protected. Such a statement by Aristides would be inconceivable if Christians also worshipped images. It appears that he also condemns the act of confining images in temples, without specifying any qualifications. If Aristides supported the confinement of images in Christian temples, he would likely add qualifications to this condemnation of pagans; otherwise, he would simply be hypocritical.

Ronald Delavega

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ESPAÑOL:

SERÁ VERDAD QUE LA VENERACIÓN DE IMÁGENES SIEMPRE HA SIDO LA PRÁCTICA DE LA IGLESIA DE DIOS DESDE EL PRINCIPIO?
 
Como las diferentes denominaciones que se autonombran "católicas," no van a creerme a mí, quien de acuerdo a ellos soy un "hereje." Vamos a ver si creen a aquellos que ellos mismos consideran "autoridades," especialmente a esos que son llamados los Padres de la Iglesia. 

Específicamente me voy a concentrar en esta serie de publicaciones, cada una dedicada a un 'Padre', en los 'Padres' llamados Ante-Niceanos o aquellos que ensenaron antes de Nicea I, en 325 DC. ¿Por qué? Pues porque estos; Padres; son los más cercanos cronológicamente, a Jesús y Sus Apóstoles. Clemente Romano jamás menciono las imágenes y su veneración El autor del Pastor de Hermas una composición cristiana de principios del Siglo II tampoco, igualmente Policarpo no habla específicamente de imágenes o de su adoración. Ni aun Ignacio de Antioquia las menciona. Este silencio solo podemos especular de que todo el mundo cargaba imágenes y las veneraba o que nadie lo hacía. El hecho es que las imágenes no eran controversiales a principio del Siglo II. que decían estos padres sobre el paganismo en general? 

Clemente de Roma no enseñó directamente sobre el paganismo, pero su obra y el contexto de su época sugieren que lo consideraba una religión superada que no alcanzaba la verdad del Dios cristiano. El texto del Pastor de Hermas, instruye a los creyentes a abandonar los pecados, practicar la justicia, la verdad, la moderación y la caridad, y a desconfiar de las malas influencias, lo cual implicaría una clara diferenciación de las práctica paganas. Policarpo es más tajante. Policarpo enseña que el paganismo es un estado de ignorancia y error que debe evitarse, ya que carece de la comprensión del juicio divino. Al fin llegamos a Ignacio Ignacio de Antioquia, quien fue mucho m.as claro sobre el paganismo. Escribió 7 cartas mientras era llevado a Roma para ser martirizado. En ellas dejó una enseñanza muy clara sobre el paganismo y la fe cristiana. Ignacio rechazo al paganismo como camino falso, Ignacio considera el paganismo como una forma de error y oscuridad espiritual. En sus cartas, especialmente a los Efesios y Magnesios, afirma que los cristianos deben alejarse de los cultos idolátricos y de los falsos dioses, porque solo Cristo es la verdad.

Los ídolos, dice, “no tienen vida ni razón”, mientras que Cristo es el Dios vivo.“Ya no vivimos según el modo de los judíos ni de los paganos, sino según el espíritu de la gracia, porque hemos conocido a Cristo Jesús.”
(Carta a los Magnesios, 8,1)

Ignacio a Cristo como fin de las antiguas supersticiones. Ignacio enseña que con la venida de Cristo, las tinieblas del paganismo quedaron atrás. La fe cristiana sustituye los sacrificios y supersticiones de los gentiles por el culto verdadero al Dios único.

Además añade:
El príncipe de este mundo nada logró contra el Señor, porque Dios estaba con Él; por eso el misterio del hombre nuevo comenzó a destruir la antigua impiedad.”
(Carta a los Efesios, 19,3) 

Ignacio exhorta a los cristianos a vivir de manera distinta a los paganos, mostrando con su conducta la verdad del Evangelio. Los anima a no mezclarse con costumbres paganas ni asistir a sacrificios idolátrico en general su llamado es al testimonio frente al mundo pagano. La vida cristiana debe ser un testimonio que convenza al mundo pagano del amor de Dios. En resumen, Ignacio de Antioquía enseña que el paganismo es un error espiritual superado por la revelación de Cristo. El cristiano debe alejarse de los ídolos, vivir según el Evangelio y dar testimonio ante el mundo para atraer a los paganos a la fe verdadera.

Por todo lo que describimos arriba, se hace obvio que al menos dos "Padres" de los mencionados iban a estar predispuestos a no rendirle culto, de ningún tipo, a una imágen. Y los otros callan o sea que el consenso de estos 'Padres' no es favorable a veneración de ningún tipo de imágenes La importancia de Ignacio no se debe de menospreciar porque incluso Roma lo considera como un discípulo de los Apóstoles. 

Continuando nuestra indagación sobre la veneración de imágenes en la Iglesia primitiva. Después de ver, que los Padres Apostólicos estaban en contra de la práctica de veneración imágenes, continuamos con los Padres del Siglo II.

1. Justino Mártir: (100-166)
El principal defensor de la iglesia primitiva fue Justino. Nacido en Siquem, la antigua ciudad de Samaria donde Jesús se había detenido junto al pozo de Jacob para decirle a la mujer samaritana "Dios es espíritu", los padres de Justino eran paganos. Justino comenzó su carrera como filósofo, pero a través de la lectura de los profetas se convirtió y se convirtió en apologista de la iglesia. Murió mártir en Roma.
Al escribir sobre la "Locura de la adoración de Ídolos", Justino dio razones por las cuales los cristianos no hacían imágenes para representar a Dios: las imágenes están muertas; las imágenes no tienen la forma de Dios; las imágenes insultan a Dios; las imágenes son usadas por demonios. El nombre de Dios no debe estar unido a ellos.
Y tampoco honramos con muchos sacrificios y guirnaldas de flores a tales deidades que los hombres han formado y puesto en santuarios y llamado dioses; ya que vemos que estos no tienen alma y están muertos y no tienen la forma de Dios (porque no consideramos que Dios tenga una forma tal como algunos dicen que imitan en Su honor), sino que tienen los nombres y formas de esos demonios malvados que han aparecido.
Justino dijo: "los artesanos hacen" lo que ellos llaman un dios, " pero "lo que nosotros (los cristianos) consideramos no solo sin sentido, sino que incluso insultamos a Dios, quien, teniendo gloria y forma inefables, recibe Su nombre unido a cosas que son corruptibles y requieren un servicio constante."(Justino Mártir," Locura de la adoración de ídolos", pág. 165).

2. Ireneo (130?-202?)
El Obispo de Lyons, es mejor conocido por sus cinco libros que escribió contra las herejias Gnósticas llamado Conta Las Herejias, Ireneo creció en Esmirna y oyó la prédica de Policarpos. 
Murió martirizado alrededor del 202 DC En contra Herejias 1..25.5-6, Ireneo condena prácticas de estos Gnósticos que pretendían ser Cristianos y su uso venerativo de imágenes, culto que equipara al pagano.
5 Y así es que, si se cometen acciones impías, ilegales y prohibidas entre ellos, por lo que ya no puedo encontrar motivos para creer que sean Cristianos. 6 ... También poseen imágenes, algunas de ellas pintadas y otras formadas con diferentes tipos de materiales; mientras sostienen que Pilato hizo una semejanza de Cristo en ese momento en que Jesús vivía entre ellos. Coronan estas imágenes y las colocan junto con las imágenes de los filósofos del mundo, es decir, con las imágenes de Pitágoras, Platón, Aristóteles y el resto. También tienen otros modos de venerar estas imágenes, al igual que los paganos. Ireneo continua en otros libros de su Oba Contra las Herejías así: Adversus Haereses 2.27.2
Atribuyen forma a lo que es sin forma y cambian la gloria del Dios incorruptible por la semejanza de la imagen humana.” (Aquí Ireneo está parafraseando a Pablo (Rom 1:23), pero lo usa teológicamente contra toda práctica que convierta imágenes en objetos de culto.) Adversus Haereses 4.31.2
No debe uno modelar a Dios según la propia voluntad, ni imaginar nada sobre Él como si fuera una obra hecha por manos humanas.”
Ireneo rechaza el uso cultico de imágenes en general, porque en su época estas no eran objeto de devoción litúrgica.
Su crítica se dirige especificamente a:
La veneración cultica que califica de uso idolátrico,
La fabricación de imágenes de Cristo con fines mágicos, culticos o heréticos.

3. Clemente de Alejandría: Clemente de Alejandría nació alrededor del año 150 d.C. y murió hacia el 215 d.C.. Fue un importante escritor, teólogo y maestro cristiano de los primeros siglos, que reemplazó a su maestro Panteno como director de la Escuela de Catequistas de Alejandría alrededor del año 200.

Citas:
"Sería ridículo, como dice el filósofo, que el hombre, siendo solo un juguete de Dios, hiciera a Dios, y que Dios surgiera a través del juego del arte humano."Así escribió Clemente de Alejandría, evidentemente refiriéndose a algo que había dicho el filósofo Platón. (Herklots, pág. 41.) Como cristiano, Clemente había aprendido que Dios no puede " venir a la existencia a través de ... arte."(Hechos 17: 29).

Clemente de Alejandría adoptó una postura crítica y cautelosa respecto a las imágenes, oponiéndose firmemente a su veneración o uso en el culto, ya que las consideraba materia muerta y asociaba su uso a prácticas paganas e idolátricas.
Clemente, un influyente teólogo cristiano primitivo, sostenía que la verdadera adoración debía ser espiritual y dirigida únicamente a Dios. Sus principales argumentos se encuentran en obras como Protréptico y Stromata, donde enfatiza:
Prohibición bíblica: Recalcó la prohibición del Antiguo Testamento contra la creación y adoración de ídolos e imágenes, citando pasajes como Éxodo 20:4-5 y Deuteronomio 5:8-10.
Naturaleza espiritual de Dios: Argumentó que, dado que Dios es espíritu, no puede ser representado adecuadamente por objetos materiales creados por manos humanas. La fe lleva al conocimiento perfecto de la verdad, la "gnosis" cristiana, no a través de objetos físicos.
Distinción entre educación, veneración y adoración; a las que considera idolatría: Clemente veía una clara distinción entre el uso de imágenes con fines educativos (como símbolos o ejemplos) y su veneración o adoración, condenando estas últimas como idolatría. Para él, una estatua es simplemente "materia muerta."
Enfoque en la "imágen" de Cristo en el creyente: En su obra El Pedagogo, Clemente se centra en Cristo como la verdadera "imágen" de Dios, y en cómo el cristiano debe esforzarse por vivir a semejanza de Cristo, en lugar de centrarse en representaciones físicas, que no pueden captar la imagen de Dios.
Su postura reflejaba la aversión generalizada de los primeros cristianos hacia cualquier práctica que pudiera confundirse con la idolatría pagana, y estaba alejada de la posterior práctica cristiana de la veneración de iconos. De hecho, la Iglesia Ortodoxa dejó de venerar oficialmente a Clemente de Alejandría en el siglo X, en parte debido a la ambigüedad o rechazo de sus escritos sobre la veneración de imágenes.

4. Tertuliano (130-160)
Tertuliano, nacido en Cartago, norte de África, era abogado y ejercía en Roma. Después de convertirse en cristiano, regresó a Cartago y se convirtió en anciano de la iglesia. Tertuliano mostró que la iglesia de su época entendía que era idolatría usar imágenes para uso cultico o litúrgico y para representar a Dios. "Cualquiera que honre a una imagen con cae en idolatría." Dijo en: (Teología Latina Temprana, Vol. 5 de Biblioteca de Clásicos Cristianos.)

¿Qué diría Tertuliano si supiera que la iglesia en siglos posteriores revertiría la definición de idolatría y luego sentiría que en lugar de practicar la idolatría estaban sirviendo a Dios poniendo el nombre de Dios en imágenes, publicándolas en todo el mundo para ilustrar la historia del Evangelio?
Tertuliano escribió un largo discurso "Sobre la idolatría."Lo que Tertuliano quiso decir con idolatría, era el dar el culto que le pertenece solo a Dios, a una imágen. Tertuliano consideraba que la idolatría era "la cabeza de la injusticia."Él consideraba que era un pecado del que los cristianos debían protegerse con especial cuidado. Cita:"La razón por la que el Espíritu Santo, cuando los apóstoles en ese momento estaban consultando, relajó el vínculo y el yugo por nosotros fue para que pudiéramos ser libres de dedicarnos a evitar la idolatría. Esta será nuestra Ley... (una Ley) peculiar de los cristianos, por cuyos medios somos reconocidos y examinados por los paganos." (Padres Ante-nicenos, 3, 62.)

Aristides: Arístides fue un apologista cristiano del inicio del s. II. Él escribió un libro al emperador en defensa del cristianismo:
"Veamos, pues, cuáles de estos hombres, participan de la verdad y cuáles participan del error. Los caldeos, en efecto, por no conocer a Dios, se extravían detrás de los astros y pasan a adorar a las criaturas en el lugar de Aquel que los ha creado. Y haciendo imágenes de aquellos astros, pasaron a clamar a las imágenes del cielo y de la tierra, del sol, de la luna y de los demás astros o luminares; y a confinarlos en los templos, donde los adoran, dándoles el nombre de dioses, manteniéndolos bajo vigilancia, para que no sean robados por los ladrones, sin darse cuenta, de que son los que los vigilan, mayores que están en necesidad de ser vigilados, y que el edificio del templo donde los guardan, es superior a sus imágenes. Así, como sus dioses son impotentes para su propia salvación, ¿cómo podrían ofrecer la salvación a los demás? Pronto, se desviaron los caldeos, adorando las imágenes muertas e inútiles." (Cap. Apología 3)

La cuestión es si Arístides, así como los demás padres de la iglesia aquí citados, estarían condenando sólo un cierto tipo de culto a las imágenes o íconos o se trataría de una condena general. La naturaleza de la argumentación, deja claro que la condena es un principio general. Se percibe que él critica las imágenes, porque éstas necesitarían ser guardadas por vigilantes, lo que haría a los guardadores superiores a las imágenes. Este argumento sólo tiene sentido a la luz de una condena general. Las imágenes en un contexto cristiano también necesitarían ser guardadas y protegidas. Sería inconcebible tal afirmación de Arístides si los cristianos también adoraban imágenes. Se percibe, que él también condena el acto de confinar las imágenes en templos, sin establecer ningún tipo de cualificación. Si Arístides apoyara el confinamiento de imágenes en los templos cristianos, él probablemente agregaría calificaciones a esta condenación a los paganos, sino, solo estaría siendo hipócrita.

Ronald Delavega


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lunes, 2 de junio de 2025

The Lord Will Destroy Jerusalem’s Enemies - El Señor Destruirá a los Enemigos de Jerusalén.




And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed. Genesis 12:3



ENGLISH:

Zechariah 12:1-5

The burden of the word of the Lord for Israel, saith the Lord, which stretcheth forth the heavens, and layeth the foundation of the earth, and formeth the spirit of man within him.

Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem.

And in that day will I make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all people: all that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it.

In that day, saith the Lord, I will smite every horse with astonishment, and his rider with madness: and I will open mine eyes upon the house of Judah, and will smite every horse of the people with blindness.


And the governors of Judah shall say in their heart, The inhabitants of Jerusalem shall be my strength in the Lord of hosts their God.

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Bendeciré a los que te bendijeren, y a los que te maldijeren maldeciré; y serán benditas en ti todas las familias de la tierra.  Genesis 12:3

ESPAÑOL:

Zacarías 12:1-5

Profecía de la palabra de Jehová acerca de Israel. Jehová, que extiende los cielos y funda la tierra, y forma el espíritu del hombre dentro de él, ha dicho: 

He aquí yo pongo a Jerusalén por copa que hará temblar a todos los pueblos de alrededor contra Judá, en el sitio contra Jerusalén.

Y en aquel día yo pondré a Jerusalén por piedra pesada a todos los pueblos; todos los que se la cargaren serán despedazados, bien que todas las naciones de la tierra se juntarán contra ella.

En aquel día, dice Jehová, heriré con pánico a todo caballo, y con locura al jinete; mas sobre la casa de Judá abriré mis ojos, y a todo caballo de los pueblos heriré con ceguera. 

Y los capitanes de Judá dirán en su corazón: Tienen fuerza los habitantes de Jerusalén en Jehová de los ejércitos, su Dios.



miércoles, 7 de mayo de 2025

Roman Catholicism is the Whore of Babylon

 


'And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters: with whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication. So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: and upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great admiration. And the angel said unto me, Wherefore didst thou marvel? I will tell thee the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carrieth her, which hath the seven heads and ten horns. The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is. And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth. And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space. And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition. And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast. These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast. These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful. And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues. And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire. For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his will, and to agree, and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be fulfilled. And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth.' 

Revelation 17:1-18


Roman Catholicism is the Whore of Babylon



And there followed another angel saying: "Babylon is fallen is fallen that great city because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication." 

Now what is the wine wine represents false doctrine in Scripture wine is a mocker strong drink is raging
and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. 

The effect of this wine isdeception because it is fermented wine, which leads people away from the truth
so in contrast to the first angel's message which presents true doctrine Babylon is preaching wine or false doctrine.

The darkness of night obscures from view the truth about the world around us. Confusion like the darkness has concealed from us the truth about the character of God.

False doctrines and ideas are likethe trees of the forest that change with the seasons they blow about in the wind and rise and fall through the centuries.

There's only one way to dispel the darkness and that is with light. Peter tells us we have a more sure Word of Prophecy where unto ye do well that you take heed as unto a light that shineth in a dark place and with a light from these prophecies we are able to identify this system called Babylon, the system of Babylon is reflected by this woman uh in Revelation chapter 17.
So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet-colored Beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.

The first three symbols that help us to identify Babylon are the Woman, the Beast and the seven heads in order to arrive at a correct understanding of these symbols we must allow the Bible to define them for us so here's what God has to say about the prophetic symbol of a woman.

I have likened the daughter of Zion to a comely and delicate woman. Zion was the name given to the people of God as we read in Isaiah say unto Zion thou art My people. So in the Old Testament a woman is used by God as a symbol to represent His people in the New Testament a woman still is used to represent God's people in the form of his church, for this cause shall a man leave his father and mother
and shall be joined unto his wife and they too shall be one flesh this is a great mystery but I speak concerning Christ in the church,

In the book of Revelation there are two women one is a virgin dressed in white representing God's church and the other woman named Babylon is a harlot meaning she represents a counterfeit church and
she is the one sitting upon a beast. Once again allowing the Bible to interpret its own symbols we turn to the book of Daniel to define the symbol of the beast. The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth according to Daniel, a beast is a symbol for a kingdom or a nation, since the Bible uses a woman as a symbol for a church and the beast for a symbol of a nation then this symbol of a woman sitting upon a beast is a symbol of a church in control of a nation or a kingdom in other words this nation is
both a church and state power. Next John says that this beast has seven heads and the Bible tells us what
these heads represent just six verses later and here is the mind which hath wisdom the seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman siteth the fact that this woman sits upon this beast with seven heads tells us this church and state power is located near seven mountains john goes on to describe
this woman in detail and the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet color and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of
abominations and filthiness of her fornication and upon her forehead was a name written mystery Babylon the great the mother of harlots and abominations of the earth. 

Our fourth clue is that this woman or church named Babylon is described as a harlot meaning she has committed adultery against God by forsaking His covenant so this church does not represent God's people, instead it represents a counterfeit church. Our fifth characteristic is the woman's appearance she is described being a raid with purple and scarlet colors having allowed the Bible to define its own
symbols we see God telling us Babylon is a church and state power located around seven mountains and it is a counterfeit church that appears primarily in purple and scarlet colors there's only one church that fits this definitive description the Roman Catholic Church, also known as the papacy. So let's investigate the evidence for this conclusion: Vatican City is the only church and state nation in the world it is known as the city on seven hills and its primary colors are purple and scarlet.

During the Protestant Reformation, many of the reformers, including Thomas Cranmer, John Wesley, William Tinddale, John Wycliffe, Felipe Melanchton, John Hus, Martin Luther and hundreds of others, all concluded the papacy was the harlot of Babylon identified in the Scriptures.
I for my part will set free my own mind and deliver my conscience by declaring aloud to the pope and to all papists that the papacy is in truth nothing else than the kingdom of Babylon and the very antichrist for who is the man of sin and the son of predition but he who by his teaching and his ordinances increases the sin and predition of souls in the church while he yet sits in the church as if he were God. 

All these conditions have now for many ages been fulfilled by the papal tyranny first principles of the reformation by Martin Luther page the second angel's message is a warning against the wine of Babylon and the intoxicating influence of its false doctrines which have deceived the entire world.

Yes, even the Christian world this great feat was not accomplished at once but subtly over several centuries when you think about Jesus's statement just before he left he said "This gospel shall be preached in all the world and then the end will come." We see the disciples going out preaching this Gospel but we see that the end did not come the reason I believe is because that Gospel became tainted and a different gospel began to go out into all the world in part two of this series. 
We saw how the everlasting gospel and the everlasting covenant are revealed through the sanctuary but now we're going to take a look at a prophecy in the book of Daniel where the sanctuary comes under attack that's what's really being described here an attack on the Gospel and the covenant by replacing it
with a counterfeit covenant according to Daniel 8, the Bible talks about this little horn power that would defile the sanctuary yay he magnified himself even to the prince of the host and by him the daily sacrifice was taken away and the place of his sanctuary was cast down and in host was given him against the daily sacrifice by reason of transgression and it cast down the truth to the ground and
it practiced and prospered and the little horn there's no doubt as you look at the sequence of the chapter that it's speaking about the Roman Catholic papacy.

Daniel's prophecy is telling us that the papacy would magnify himself and exalt himself even above Christ the prince of the host and by the papacy the truths represented by the sanctuary and Jesus ministry in heaven would be cast to the ground instead of looking to Jesus as our high priest in the heavenly sanctuary the people were taught to look to human priests in a counterfeit sanctuary upon the earth.

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domingo, 4 de mayo de 2025

Peter Was Not The First Pope - Pedro No Fue El Primer Papa




ENGLISH:

1) The legend of a supposed pontificate of Peter originated in a sect hostile to the early Church, the "Ebionites." Catholics and Ebionites claim that Peter was bishop of Rome for 25 years. 

2) According to tradition, Peter died in 68 AD, which means that Peter must have been in Rome since 43 AD. 

 3) For now, James is the head of the Church in Jerusalem (Acts 15:19). 

 4) Then, Paul wrote his letter to the Romans between 57 and 58 AD, and nowhere does he mention any "Pope Peter." 

5) Who is in Rome administering the Church there? They are Priscilla and Aquila, Paul's collaborators (Rom. 15:3-5).

6) Paul finally arrived in Rome in the year 60, and the Jews in Rome did not know the gospel (Acts 28:21-22). And Peter? Hasn't he been Pope in Rome since 43? What has Peter been doing all this time in Rome, if he is supposed to be the Roman Pope? 

7) Paul arrived evangelizing the Romans, since they did not know the gospel there, and besides, Paul would not evangelize where others had already spread the gospel (Rom. 15:20-21). Therefore, it is Paul who brings the gospel to the Romans, not Peter. 

8) Paul says that when he had to appear before the trial brought against him, no one accompanied him; on the contrary, EVERYONE ABANDONED HIM!! And Peter? Did Peter ever cower again, as he did in the case of the Lord Jesus? I don't think Peter was in Rome; he would surely have accompanied Paul (2 Tim. 4:16). 

Neither Linus, nor Anacletus, nor Clement accompanied Paul. THEY ALL ABANDONED HIM.

9) In 68 A.D, according to tradition, Paul and Peter died. 

10) Later, when the churches began to compile their own lists of the biblical canon, the Church of Rome accepted the books of the New Testament, especially the writings of Paul. It only ignored the Epistles of Peter, James, and 3 John.


The claim that Peter was not Pope is true, although the Catholic Church considers Peter to be the first Pope. The reason is that, according to Catholic tradition, Peter was appointed by Jesus as the "rock" upon which the Church would be built, and he was entrusted with the "keys of the Kingdom." However, the Catholic Church does not consider him Pope in the modern sense, but rather as the first leader and visible head of the Church, and his successors, the Popes, are considered his successors in that role. 

Arguments supporting the claim that Peter was not Pope: 

There is no biblical evidence that Peter was the first Pope: In the New Testament, Peter is not called Pope, nor is he given a leadership role over the other apostles. 

Early Christians did not believe that Peter had received papal primacy: Early Christians did not believe that the apostle Peter had received special authority that was passed on to his successors. 

Peter did not claim any special authority over the other Apostles: In his letters, Peter does not claim to be the head of the Church or to have authority superior to that of the other apostles.








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ESPAÑOL:

Pedro no fue papa, fue papá!

Mateo 8:13 - 15 
14 Vino Jesús a casa de Pedro, y vio a la suegra de este postrada en cama, con fiebre. 15 Y tocó su mano, y la fiebre la dejó; y ella se levantó, y les servía.



1).- La leyenda de un supuesto pontificado de Pedro, se originó por una secta enemiga de la Iglesia primitiva, esos fueron los "ebionitas." Los católicos y los ebionitas alegan que Pedro fue obispo de Roma durante 25 años.

2).- Según la tradición, Pedro muere en el año 68 d.C, esto hace entonces, qué Pedro debió estar en Roma, desde el año 43.

3).- Por lo pronto, Jacobo es quien encabeza la Iglesia de Jerusalén (Hech. 15:19)

4).- Luego, Pablo escribe su carta a los Romanos entre el año 57-58, y por ningún lado menciona a ningún "papa Pedro."

5).- ¿Quiénes están en Roma administrando la Iglesia allá? Se trata de Priscila y Aquila, colaboradores de Pablo (Rom. 15:3-5)

6).- Pablo llegó por fin a Roma, en el año 60, y los judíos en Roma, no conocían del evangelio (Hech. 28: 21-22) ¿Y Pedro?¿Que no está desde el 43 siendo papa en Roma?¿Que ha hecho todo esté tiempo Pedro en Roma, si se supone que él es el papa romano?

7).- Pablo llega evangelizando a los romanos, pues no conocían el evangelio allá, y además, Pablo no evangelizaria donde ya otros habrían ya llevado el evangelio (Rom. 15:20-21). Es pues, Pablo quien lleva el evangelio a los romanos y no Pedro.

8).- Dice Pablo que cuando tuvo que comparecer ante el juicio levantado contra él, nadie lo acompaño, al contrario, TODOS LO ABANDONARON!! ¿Y Pedro?¿Apoco Pedro se volvió a acobardar como lo hizo en el caso del Señor Jesús?. No creo que Pedro estuviera en Roma, seguramente hubiese acompañado a Pablo (2 Tim. 4:16) 

Ni Lino, ni Anacleto, ni Clemente acompañaron a Pablo. TODOS LO ABANDONARON.

9).- En el año 68 Muere Pablo y Pedro según la tradición.

10).- Más adelante, cuando las iglesias comienzan a hacer sus propias listas del canon bíblico, la Iglesia de Roma acepta los libros del Nuevo Testamento y sobre todo, los escritos de Pablo, solo DESCONOCE LAS EPÍSTOLAS DE PEDRO, Santiago y la 3ra de Juan.

La afirmación de que Pedro no fue Papa es cierta, aunque la Iglesia Católica considera a Pedro como el primer Papa. La razón es que, según la tradición católica, Pedro fue nombrado por Jesús como la "piedra" sobre la que se edificaría la Iglesia, y se le confió las "llaves del Reino." Sin embargo, la Iglesia Católica no lo considera Papa en el sentido moderno, sino como el primer líder y cabeza visible de la Iglesia, y sus sucesores, los Papas, son considerados como sus sucesores en ese papel.

Argumentos que apoyan la afirmación de que Pedro no fue Papa:

No hay evidencia bíblica de que Pedro fuera el primer Papa:
En el Nuevo Testamento, Pedro no es llamado Papa ni se le confiere un papel de liderazgo sobre los otros apóstoles.

Los primeros cristianos no creían que Pedro hubiera recibido la primacía papal:
Los primeros cristianos no tenían la idea de que el apóstol Pedro hubiera recibido una autoridad especial que se transmitiera a sus sucesores.

Pedro no reclamó ninguna autoridad especial sobre los otros Apóstoles:
En sus cartas, Pedro no reclama ser el jefe de la Iglesia o tener una autoridad superior a la de los otros apóstoles.





domingo, 20 de abril de 2025

lunes, 17 de marzo de 2025

The Pagan Origin Of St. Patrick's Day





St. Patrick's Day is celebrated around the world every year on March 17th. This holiday is usually associated with the color green, shamrocks, drunkenness and Irish culture. However, what most people don't know is that St. Patrick's Day has deep demonic pagan roots that date back to pre-Catholic Ireland. 



Psalm 96:5  For all the gods of the nations are idols: but the Lord made the heavens. 


Origins of the Pagan Festival

Before Roman Catholicism arrived in Ireland, the ancient Celts celebrated the spring equinox, which falls on March 21st, with a festival known as Ostara. This festival was a celebration of the end of winter and the start of the spring season. The Celts believed that during the spring equinox, the veil between the physical world and the spiritual world was at its thinnest, and they would perform rituals to honor their gods and goddesses.

One of the most important deities in the Celtic pantheon was Eostre, the goddess of spring and fertility. Her name is believed to have given rise to the modern English word "Easter." The Celts would offer sacrifices and perform other rituals to honor Eostre and ensure a successful harvest in the coming months.

The first St. Patrick's Day parade was held in Boston in 1737, and the holiday became an official Irish holiday in 1903.

Many of the traditions associated with St. Patrick's Day have pagan roots. For example, the color green is associated with St. Patrick's Day because it represents the rebirth of spring. In pagan times, green was also associated with fertility and the natural world. The shamrock, which is now a symbol of Ireland, was originally a sacred plant to the Celts and was believed to have protective powers.



The Importance of Fire

Fire was also an important part of the demonic Ostara festival, and its importance continued even after the arrival of Christianity. Bonfires were lit on hilltops to welcome the spring and ward off evil spirits. In some parts of Ireland, people still light bonfires on St. Patrick's Day.

Another tradition associated with St. Patrick's Day is the wearing of green. The Celts believed that wearing green would protect them from evil spirits, and the color is still associated with luck and good fortune. In Ireland, it is customary to wear a small bunch of shamrocks on St. Patrick's Day, which is a nod to the plant's original significance.



The Role of Music and Dance

Music and dance have always been important parts of Irish culture, and they played a role in the Ostara festival as well. The Celts would sing and dance around the bonfire to celebrate the arrival of spring. Today, traditional Irish music and dance are still an important part of St. Patrick's Day celebrations.

The Irish step dance, which is characterized by quick, precise movements of the feet and legs, is perhaps the most famous form of Irish dance. It originated in the 18th century and is now performed around the world committing the sin of drunkenness.


1 Corinthians 6:10  
Nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God.


St. Patrick's Day is a holiday that is celebrated around the world, but few people know about its demonic heathen origins. True Christians should not celebrate this pagan holiday celebrated for the demons. 


Deuteronomy 12:29-32 

29 When the Lord thy God shall cut off the nations from before thee, whither thou goest to possess them, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their land;

30 Take heed to thyself that thou be not snared by following them, after that they be destroyed from before thee; and that thou enquire not after their gods, saying, How did these nations serve their gods? even so will I do likewise.

31 Thou shalt not do so unto the Lord thy God: for every abomination to the Lord, which he hateth, have they done unto their gods; for even their sons and their daughters they have burnt in the fire to their gods.

32 What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it.

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About the Early Church and the Use of Images - Sobre la Iglesia Primitiva y el Uso de las Imágenes

ENGLISH: IS IT TRUE THAT THE VENERATION OF IMAGES HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH OF GOD, FROM THE BEGINNING? Since the various d...